Stars in the Universe

       Stars are largely made up of gas and plasma, so they are cosmic enegies that produce heat, light, ultraviolet rays, x-rays and other forms of radiation. We know some familiar stars that exist in the Universe, but nobody knows exactly how many stars exist. The number of stars would be staggering. Our universe likely contains more than 100 billion galaxies, and those galaxies may have more than 100 billion stars.
       Star's brightness is decided by how much energy they work and how far away from earth they are. Perhaps stars that we can see with our eye in the sky appear to be different color, because thier temperature is not all the same.
       Stars exist in many sizes ranging from dwaft, is pretty small, to super giant , is houndred times as large as the sun. Building pressure causes a rise of temperature in a nascent star, and when a developing young star's core temperature rise to about 27 million degrees Fahrenheit, nuclear fusion begins. Young stars in these stages are called protostars.Stars evolve over billions of years.
       As stars get close to the end of their lives, their hydrogen is converted to helium, is no smell and no colar, and helium sinks to the core of the star and raises the star's temperature, which cause expansion of the star's outlet layer, also the phrase is actually a prelude to becoming small. The body that become small gets cold for billion of years untill it goes dark or doesn't produce energy anymore.
       A few stars avoid these evolutionary processes. In this case, they explode as supernova. If the mass is more than two as large as the sun, it will be a black hole. While if the mass is less than two as large as the sun, it will be a neutron star, is an ultradense star at the end of the advance.
       This topic is really difficult to understand, so I read this article while searching for unknown words and the definition of specific words. There are so many mysteries in the universe. Though topics about the universe is complicated and hard to understand, I would like to learn more about it, because mysteries in the universe is astonishing and interesting. I think the univer can spread my imagination that works usefully not only in my daily life but also on my academic thoughts. This is what I am interested in now.


Vocab
Staggering
Part of speech: Adjective
Definition: Very surprising.
Synonym: Shocking
Sentence: Fredy earns a staggering amount of money for five years.

Eschew
Part of Speech: Verb
Definition: To prevent something from happening
Synonym: Avoid
Sentence: Most of adults who can drink alcohol eschew drinking too much, because it makes them unhealth and obesity.

New Life-Forms in the Dead Sea

               New giant creaters, which spew fresh water and brim with bacteria have been found at different barren bottom of the Dead Sea where there is no creature. In 2010, a team that dive for the springs found several creaters that were covered with thin skin and thick tangles of new bacterial species. These tiny craters lie near thin plumes, a current going up in a mantle, of fresh water that shoot from undersea springs, which has long been suspected based on peculiar waves on the Dead Sea's surface. The research of The Dead Sea is not easy, because of its salty water and the Dead Sea much saltier than ocean water, because the water has no outlet. As fresh water evaporates, salty minerals dissolved in the water get left behind. This process causes the situation of The Dead Sea. Large organism such as fish and fogs can't survive. Samples collected in the craters suggest that the springs' bacterias are very diverse. The top of the springs' rocks are covered with green biofilms that use sunlight and sulfide to survive. The bacterias advance in the severe enviroment. A marine microbiologist for the Max Planck Institute in Germany says Middle Eastern salt lake is a "fantastic hot spot for life,"


Spew
Part of Speech: Verb
Definition: To go out something.
Synonym: Vent
Sentence: The factory in my town spews out black smoke.

Swallow
Part of Speech: Verb
Definition: To drink something
Sentence: When I was child, my mother always says " Don't swallow food, because it is likely to cause suffocation."

Contend
Part of Speech: Verb
Definition: To fight something or someone.
Synonym: Struggle
Sentence: We always have to contend with ourselves in all competition.
   

Why Do We Dream?

         In recent experient, REM sleep may help us work through difficult events in our lives, researchers said. Brain scan of people who think of emotionally nagative pictures when falling asleep showed that the part of the brain that handles emotions  powered down during rapid eye movement, or REM sleep and dreams occur in the state. The reason why we sleep is not still known, because the relatioship between sleep and our emotional well-being is difficult to explain. During REM sleep, the activity of the brain is in the emotion-processing part of the brain and decreases the release of brain chemical linked to stress. When people undergo an emotional event, stress chemicals are released to work through that event during sleep.  a neuroscientist said somewhere between these process, the brain has performed an elegant trick of divorcing emotions from memory.  But medical director for sleep medicine said dreaming is not a cure for emotional stress. Dreaming improves the ability to heal stressful situation, but it is unlikely to erase bad memories. Sleep has many important role and one of those benefits helps us maintain our emotional and mental health. We have to spend time to do many things such as assignment, play, etc. So we sometimes must do them by decreasing hours of sleeping or sleep when we can use time freely. I try to sleep for at least six hours in weekday, but I usually stay up late and sleep long enough in weekend. I can't help it. When you  can't wake up in the morning, how do you work through it? In my case, above all, I get out of my bed and eat or drink something, and then I can dump a desire to sleep more.


Vocab
Gory
Part of speech: Adjective
Definition: Involving violence and blood
Synonym: Terrible
Sentence: A new movie is banned to show by some gory details.

Elusive
Part of speech: Adjective
Definition: Difficult to undersand and explain.
Synonym: Vague
Sentence: Students is confused at their teacher's elusive explanation.

Black Friday

       Apple's retail stores had their biggest sales on Black Friday. Usually iPad and Macbook Air sales were extremely strong,  also the prices of all products were discounted On Black Friday, so Aplle's retail store showed they sold out the iPhone 4S by the end of the day Friday, and Amazon said the Kindle Fire tablet,which may become the strongest challenger to Apple's iPad, had the biggest sales as well and Amazon assistant president expects this trend lasts on Cyber Monday and through the holiday shopping season.          
Online sales went up 39.3% on Thanksgiving Day and 24.3% on Black Friday compared with the same days last year, and Mobile devices accounted for 14.3% of all online retail traffic on Black Friday.

Vocab
Multiple
Part of speech: Adjective
Definition: Several parts
Synonym: Diverse
Sentence: Children's dreams in the future are composed of multiple ideals.

Vice president
Part of speech: Noun
Definition: Someone who is responsible for part of a company.
Synonym: Asistant President
Sentence: Fred is promoted to vice president.

Track
Part of speech: Verb
Definition: To record the progress or develpment of something.
Sentence: Scientists track an experiment with new chemicals.


Source: http://www.cnn.com/2011/11/28/tech/web/tech-black-friday/index.html

Migration

  Economic or labor migration is increasing, because of lack of empolyment oppotunities in developing countries, so youth  women and men need work in other countries, because they would like to support themselves and their families.  But many migrant workers is discriminated commonly, because they are not given full citizenship in countries where they are. On the other hand, skilled migrant workers are less discriminated.  Migrant workers not only contribute to the economies of their countries, and money they send  increases their home economics. 
Vocab
Harassment
Part of speech: Noun
Definition: something to bother someone
Synonym:Worry
Sentence: A friend of my sister's is bothered about sexual harassment in her workplace, so she comes consulting me with fear.

Maltreat
Part of speech: Verb
Definition: To treat someone unfairly.
Synonym: Discriminate
Sentence: A long time ago, American maltreat African, because of the color of skin.

Remittance
Part of speech: Noun
Definition: Money to be sent.
Synonym: Allowance
Sentence: Sam makes remittance for his family as soon as he gets revenue . He always appreciates for his family.

Digital Literacy

    the Internet changes to the way to talk to people who you never meet around the world, but this new type of communication causes new concerns such as cyber bullying, identity theft. 
Cyber bullies may be more agressive than traditional bullies, so we have to worry about them. Cyber bulling takes some forms, but sometimes cyber bullies want to malign someone else, so if you think that you are maligned on the Internet, you shuld tell someone who is familiar with the internet.
Identity theft , called  phishing, is to send spam to get personal information.  Indentity theft is one of the fastest increasing crimes in the US.Spam is junk mail sent by e-mail, also spam sometimes contains viruse, so people storing their personal information on their computer use password or firewall to protect their personal information.
  crimes on the Internet will still keep growing in the future, however  I think  a decreasing in the crimes of the internet depends on how we treat the internet as appropriate  thing.

Vocab
Bully
Part of speech: Noun
Definition: Someone who hurt  someone else who is weaker.
Sentence: I don't want to be like Will, because he always hurts other weak people. He is just a typical bully.

Immune
Part of speech: Adjective
Definition: Not affected
Sentence: My life is immune to others'life.

Global Education

 Standard education is thought as making up the gap between students at various achievement levels. But educators are disagree with  standards-based assessments, because this assessment will lead teacher to teach a way to raise test scores, which limits student's self-improvement. Students will study for only standardized tests. But are standardized tests able to prove student's skills and knowledge?  Actually standardized tests examine whether students can use specific knowledge, but it is more difficult to know if what kind of skills students have through standardized tests.



Vocab
Bridge
Part of speech: Verb
Definition: To make up for something.
Synonym: Fill in
Sentence: Tony bridges a silence with his humor. He is a ice-breaker.


Assess
Part of speech: Verb
Definition: To judge about value or quality of something.
Synonym: Decide
Sentence: It is difficult to assess a person's personality  through only first impression, but we can know if the person is a friendly person or not.

Source http://issues.tigweb.org/globaleducation

Mental Health

  Mental health is as important as physical health. If our brain cause mental illness, our brain doesn't work well and other functions ,thinking and perception and emotion or feeling and signaling and physical functions, collapse.   Health program has an impact on personal, social, civic, economic development. So focusing on mental health problems help young people get well and stay well in the future. It also improves the lives of individuals and families and civil society increasing opportunity for social economic development and global acceptance of human and cultural diversity. Thus mental health is an important element in getting over the stress of each individual life.
Mental health motivates us to do something. But how to keep it stable?  Probably each person would have different ways.

Vocab
Fulfilling
Part of speech: Adjective
Definition: Making someone content.
Synonym: Satisfying
Sentence: The content in his novel was  fulfilling.

Cognition
Part of speech: Noun
Definition: The feeling to notice something.
Synonym: Perception
Sentence: Our cognition toward danger things gradually is reduced by present peaceful state.

Civic
Part of speech: Adjective
Definition: Relating to a city or town.
Synonym: Urban
Sentence: Tim hates a civic life, but he has to tolerate it. Because of his dream to be a lawyer.

Source:http://issues.tigweb.org/mentalhealth

Freedom of expression cuts to the very heart of the debate about the future of cyberspace"

http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/news/latest-news/?view=Speech&id=684974682
Nowadays some people share ideas about recent happenings on the Net. So they can be interested in and learn  recent happenings by sharing ideas through the Net. We can state our ideas on the Net as well as in real world. Also I think we can change what is wrong by sharing our common ideas.  But  majority is not always right. Whether our own ideas is right or not is up to us. That we feel about it is our own ideas.  If we misunderstand these issues. Other people's idea will help us find out what is wrong in our ideas. So sharing ideas will learns new ideas as well as develops our ideas.

Vocab
Aspire(Verb): To hope strongly to get something. 
          Synonym: Long for
          Sentence: When Jim was a child. He aspired to be a lawyer.
Curtail (Verb): To make something short.
           Synonym: Shorten
          Sentence:I curtailed my speeach. Because it is too long.
Round up(verb): To restate briefly the main ideas
          Synonym: Sum up
          Sentence: Our teacher rounds up the important points in book.

Children

http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/children/index.shtml
After the Second World War, Europe's children were in miserable situation. Then UNICEF(United Nations Children's Fund)  came to help them in Europe in1947. This was the fiest international relief campaign for children. UNICEF was able to give six million children and mothers one meal everyday. And also The UN aims to protect children from violence such as trafficking(illegal trade) , prostitution(crime that involves sex). What children needs is granted to them by
various effofts and communities.


Vocab
Eradition(Noun): Destroying completely something.
Synonym:Extermination
Sentence: The govenment strives for the eradition of the infection.

Pervade(Verb): To  be known something in somewhere. 
Synonym:Popularize
Sentence: The notion of recent recession stated on the Net pervades the young generation.

Africa

http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/africa/index.shtml
 Nowadays the African Union has 53 independent member States.
The Africa Union faces massive problems which are poverty and illness and struggle and so on.
So the UN supports Africa's economics and social development and the promotion and protection of human rights. To enhance the support for Africa further, the United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on Africa was established in 2003.
Africa Day is an annual memorial of the establishment of the Organization of African Unity on May 25 in 1963. Africa Day is celebrated around the world.
As we know, Africa doesn't have enough money to get through serious problems that they face for long time. some volunteer groups go to help Africans who are sick or cann't get enough nutrition or get hurt in struggle. But  volunteer groups don't have enough money as well to cure so many people who need treatment.  But volunteer groups cann't  cure without medicine.  This situation also slow down to help much more people.

Food

http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/food/index.shtml
I read this article on the net.
Nowadays food prices is still increasing.  So countries restrick their export to protect themselves from food shortages and price shock. But it also foster a rise in price of food. To solve this serious problem, the Secretary-General proposed establishment of the Task Force and published Comprehensive Framework for Action in July 2008. It is composed of 20 key members of the UN system.
Comprehensive Framework for Action aims to face  the immediate needs of  vulnerable populations. And other actions aim to make  the global food and nutrition system recover from a threat to global food and nutrition security.
This settlement is an efficient system. Because each member of the UN system has each own role. They can settle many comprehensive problems.

Tsunami Debris

I read a newspaper airticle about the debris from the tsunami that occurred in Japan
As we know, there was an earthquake on March 11 and also tunami brought big damage. when tsunami came, tsunami took many things from Japan such as TV set, refrigerator, boat. So now there is debris field in the sea and the debris from the tsunami will land on MIldway Island where is the Main Hawaiian Islands and the West Coast of the mainland in 2011.
From on September 21 to 28. the crew of the Russian ship Pallada sailed into the debris field and retrieved a bout and saw other debris. But accutually nobody knows how much it will arrive and how it will be disposed of